Abstract:Social demand and development of soil science in China in 21st century is briefly demonstrated in this paper. Food Security including quantity, quality, economy, and ecology security for food production is believed to be closely related to soil quality and soil utilization. Chinese soil scientists should pay more attention to the following aspects to promote the development of soil science:(1)new concept of soil quality; (2) theory on exchange of matter and energy between pedosphere and atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere;(3)Characteristics of variable charge soils; (4) Theory on intensive use of soil and environmental production.