Abstract:A complex of the rice stem borer and yellow rice borer has become the No. 1 agricultural pest in China and the direct loss is estimated at 1.9 billion US dollars per year. The current occurrence is characterized as higher population densities, increased generations, larger damage areas, more server infestations, longer injury time, greater economic loss and higher ecological and social costs. The major cause of outbreaks is related to change in agro-ecosystem and the control failure is lack of community-wide actions. It is predicted that the pest populations will continue to increase or keep at high levels in the near future. Several policy strategies are suggested.