Abstract:The middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River are the heartland of the Hangjiang Basin, and also take the important position in Hubei Province. Affected by natural evolution and humem activity, the basin was faced with some problems such as flooding and drought disasters, soil erosion, environmental degradation and wetland shrinking, and these become restraining factors for regional sustainable development. The constructing of the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Transfer gives the development opportunity for local economy, on the other hand, as the Hanjiang River’s discharge and it distribution will be changed, also take some influences on the flood control, agriculture and industry, city development, water environment, et al to the Hubei Province. It is urgency to using the opportunity of water transfer project and four complete projects (Partial Channels Renovating, Partial Sluice Stations Renovating, Diverting Water Fom Yangtze to Hanjiang, XingLong Pivot Project), evaluate eco-environment and social economy, impel the modern water conservancy construction, promoting the sustainable development of the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River.