Abstract:After a brief review of the human history of space explorations,through the analysis of the motivation and demands for space science and exploration programs of the USA,Russia,Europe,Japan and India,this paper discusses the motivations for politics,economy,foreign affairs,and technology hidden behind the major space exploration programs of various countries in the world,then makes preliminary analysis of the demands of the state for making and realizing space science and exploration program in China.Finally,policy recommendations for the Chinese government are suggested to support the modernization process of China.