Abstract:Conducting a comparative study between China and the major developed countries could help us have a world perspective on China,recognize the position of Chinese science and technology in this field of the world,grasp the development trends of science and technology among the major countries of the world,make clear China’s superiority and gaps,thus helping to learn from international experience,and formulate an effective science and technology development strategy and policy,and effectively plan and manage the scientific and technological activities.This paper has summarized and analyzed the key points in the comparative study of science and technology between China and the United States,Japan,Germany,France and the United Kingdom,which are the five of the world’s most scientifically and technologically developed countries.From this paper you can see the development of Chinese science and technology.In addition,several policy recommendations have been put forward.