Abstract:Based on the peculiar quantum property,quantum computer provides the mankind with a new type of operational tool,which has a powerful capability for parallel processing of data to be able to allow it to tackle problems that are intractable on the existing computers.Therefore,it has become a focus of worldwide strategic competition.This paper gives an overview of the development status of quantum computer and the advances of the experimental researches in the physical system of extendable and fault-tolerant quantum computer.In particular,the paper analyzes the severe challenge presented to China by the recent starting of the development of mini-Manhattan Project on quantum chips supported by US Government and military funding agencies.