Abstract:The global reserves of deep-water oil and gas resources are abundant and has become a key exploration field for oil-gas resources in the world.However,deep-water oil and gas exploration and exploitation in China has just started.Deep-water oil-gas resources in the South China Sea are copious, however,due to the lack of deep exploration wells,geological and geophysical data,there is a huge void for oil and gas geological evaluation.At present,geophysical survey has been only carried out in the northern South China Sea.A series of technological problems need to be solved for the exploration and exploitation.In this paper the main scientific and technological problems in the field of the deep-water oil and gas exploration are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures for development are proposed.