Abstract:As China’s demographic transition enters its new phase,namely,working age population stops growing and dependence ratio stops declining,demographic dividend that fueled the rapid economic growth in the past three decades is disappearing.It requires the Chinese government to create an institutional environment which is necessary and sufficient for an economic growth based on total factor productivity improvement.The transformation of economic growth pattern serves as necessary condition under which the population,resources and environment can be further harmonized to sustain the economic growth.This paper discusses the role that total factor productivity plays in transforming the growth pattern and draws some policy suggestions for improving total factor productivity,tackling population aging,and reforming population policy.