Abstract:Oil and gas resources are very important to the modern economic and social development.How to achieve petroleum sustainable development in China? What kind of strategies should be taken for technology development of petroleum resources? This paper discussed the issues about exploration and sustainable development of oil and gas resources from the tectonic evolution of China,the distribution of petroleum resources,the history and experience of oil and gas exploration,the development trend of oil and gas technology.For the large petroleum demand of China,the urgent problems of oil and gas exploration and suggestions for future oil and gas technology development are proposed.