Abstract:Ecological agriculture in the new era is modern efficient ecological agriculture. It should be built on the base of efficient use of natural resource, emphasize the overall function of the ecosystem, and can constantly improve the quality of ecological environment. Circulation of material units in the production process within economic entities is the core of it, bringing material units out the economic entities by being affiliated to products is the aim of it and branding material units with value for recycling in economic entities is the guarantee of it. The basic idea to develop ecological agriculture in the new era is to guide it by rational support system of policies and regulations, to carry it by large-scale organizations operating mode, and to arm it by modern science and t echnology system.