Abstract:Civilization is achieved as the development of human society, while ecological civilization is the form of social civilization after the industrial civilization. 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a five-in-one strategic layout, i.e. economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction. Thus, the importance and the mission of the ecological civilization construction are affirmed in the national strategic layout. Such affirmation conforms with the right direction of historical lines, fits the need of China’s social and economic development and practice, exemplifies the modern civilization of “people-oriented”, actuates the abandon of non-civilized develop mode and social conduct, promotes the ecological construction countrywide, and elevates the civilization level in China’s social development.