Abstract:With the appearance of more and more public health emergencies, emerging and re-emerging diseases have been becoming the main threats to the sustainable social and economic development, modernization progress, and national security in China. In the last decade, the awareness system of the public health emergency mechanism has been improved and the response capability has been strengthened. In this article, we compared and analyzed the present public health emergency response systems between China and other countries,and the main problems and challenges were identified for implementing the established system in China. Furthermore,we suggested to improve and perfect our public health response system through establishing the early warning and forecast system, enhancing the biosafety management of laboratory, increasing the technical supporting capacity and promoting the international collaboration, in the hope of laying a solid foundation and framework for emerging disease prevention.