Abstract:Recently, the S&T evaluation has become one of the key issues in China’s S&T development. In this study, the problems are revisited from the perspective of the relationship between government and scientific community. Through its historical development and international comparison, it is found that the root of the problem lies in the absence and offside of the government, as well as the weakness and deficiency of the scientific community. Consequently, to find out the essence of the problem, starting with handling the relationship between the government and scientific community other than focusing on the evaluation itself is the way out for the reform of S&T evaluation.