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中文摘要: 文章简要介绍了我国灾害形势和灾害管理需求,强调了环境与减灾监测预报小卫星星座、国家防灾减灾空间基础设施建设的重要意义,其中环境与减灾监测预报小卫星星座由在轨稳定运行的4颗光学卫星和4颗合成孔径雷达卫星组成,并根据业务需要进一步增加高轨、敏捷等成像能力,目前第一阶段“2 1”星座已经成功建成。在此基础上,分析了空间信息共享与服务的基本内容,包括国家重大自然灾害应急无人机监测站合作机制、卫星遥感数据减灾合作共享机制和空间信息服务框架,民政部国家减灾中心利用环境与减灾小卫星数据以及国内外合作机制,把遥感等技术有效应用到汶川地震、玉树地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害、澳大利亚火灾等国内外重大自然灾害的响应中。最后针对当前防灾减灾领域应用与服务存在的问题提出了建议。
中文关键词: 环境减灾小卫星星座,灾害,应用,服务
Abstract:The paper introduces China’s natural disaster situation and the needs of disaster management. We also analyze the importance of Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting (SSCEDMF) and the construction of national disaster reduction space infrastructure. According to national plan, SSCEDMF will be composed of four optical satellites and four microwave satellites which are the important components of Chinese satellites earth observation system. On September 6, 2008, the 2 optical satellites (HJ-1-A and HJ-1-B) were successfully launched in China. On November 12, 2012, the first S-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite (HJ-1-C) was also successfully launched. Then we study space information sharing and service, including the corporation mechanism among Chinese unmanned aerial vehicle natural disaster monitoring stations, satellite remote sensing data sharing mechanism of disaster reduction, and the framework of space-based information service. By means of these SSCEDMF satellites images and the data sharing mechanism, National Disaster Reduction Center of China (NDRCC) of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) was successfully applied remote sensing technology to Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, Zhouqu flash flood and debris flow, Austria wild fire, and so on. Finally, it is proposed to Chinese government to carry out the important projects of natural disaster prevention and reduction, aiming to solve the problems of space-based information technology application and service.
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基金项目:国家“863”计划“典型地质灾害遥感监测与应急关键技术与应用”(2012AA121305);国家高技术产业化项目“综合减灾空间信息服务应用示范”
作者 | 单位 | |
范一大 | 民政部减灾和应急工程重点实验室 民政部国家减灾中心 北京 100124 | fanyida@ndrcc.gov.cn |
刘三超 | 民政部减灾和应急工程重点实验室 民政部国家减灾中心 北京 100124 |
引用文本:
范一大,刘三超.空间信息技术减灾应用及服务[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,(z1):93-97.
Fan Yida,Liu Sanchao.The Application and Service of Space-based Information Technology in Natural Disaster Reduction[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,(z1):93-97.
范一大,刘三超.空间信息技术减灾应用及服务[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,(z1):93-97.
Fan Yida,Liu Sanchao.The Application and Service of Space-based Information Technology in Natural Disaster Reduction[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,(z1):93-97.