Abstract:This paper analyses and demonstrates the significance of comprehensive deepen reform proposed at the Third Plenary Session of 18th CPC Central Committee, reviews and summarizes the reformation achievements and existing problems of scientific and technological system reform since the opening-up, and illustrates the urgency and necessity of deepening reform of scientific and technological system. The paper also puts forward that Chinese Academy of Sciences will implement the requirement of Four Leads, i.e., leapfrog develop in science and technology, set up the highland for innovative talents, establish the high level state think tank, and incubate the internationally selective facilities, promote the general idea, targeted tasks, and important measures of new round of system reform, as well as the specific measures for key and difficult field’s scientific and technological system reform.