Abstract:The report of the third plenary session of the eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that we should deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, promote the combination of science and technology and economy, and speed up the construction of national innovation system. Internationally, a new round of industrial revolution is forming and developing, and new forms, new pattern, new mechanism, new technology, and new talents suddenly arise. New leading industry of innovation pattern will transform in the innovation chain cohesion, flattening operation, the knowledge capital sharp transition, and innovation services. 30 years of the reform and opening-up from the year of 1978, the innovation ability has risen substantially in China. Nevertheless, the national innovation ability is increasingly reflected in the overall effectiveness of systems, mechanisms, and vitality, and there are still obstacles affecting the development of innovative ability in China. Innovation competitiveness is the core of the national soft power. In the process of speeding up the construction of national innovation system, we need concentrate advantageous forces to tackle the common and core technology, construct platform for innovation to achieve the optimal allocation of innovation resources, build a technology transfer system to promote the combination of science and technology and economy, and speed up the cultivation of a new round of industrial revolution labor and innovative talents. Finally, we need release technology reform bonus in full, and make the scientific and technological innovation as more powerful drive and support role during building China’s economy upgrade.