Abstract:With 60 years of scientific and technological development since the founding of People’s Republic of China, China has found the way of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and has become one of the world’s scientific and technological powers with important influence. As a global technological revolution pursuer, China is one of the very few countries to implement innovation policy. Heading forward to a stronger scientific and technological power, China’s scientific and technological strength is ranked second in the world, and the relative gap with the United States is rapidly decreased. This paper summarizes China's road from catch-up of world leading science and technology to become the world's scientific and technological power: from the "march to science" to "break the routine, grows by leaps and bounds"; from "science and technology are productive forces" to "science and technology are primary productive forces"; from "rejuvenating the country through science and education" to "improve the capability of independent innovation"; from "building innovation-oriented country" to "innovation-driven development strategy". The paper also points out the reasons why China has become the world's scientific and technological power: China's unique historical heritage and traditions, China’s features and advantages as a big power, China’s dedication to achieve the China Dream, and China’s responsibilities and contributions to the development of human being.