Abstract:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy achieves rapid growth while paying a tremendous resource and environmental costs. The contradiction between population, resources, and environment is increasingly outstanding and become the bottleneck of economic sustainable and healthy development. In this paper, we portrayed population increasing and structural change, resource consumption and inefficient use, environmental pollution, huge pressure on land and water resources, and pointed out the serious problems of China’s population, resources, and environment. Based on the analysis, we put forward the policy recommendations as follows: (1) Improve resource use costs and maintain the“hunger developed”state; (2) Raise the pollutant emission control standard and strengthen the intensity of environmental regulation; (3) Guide industrial transfer and reduce resources and environmental deprivation.