Abstract:China is in the critical period of ecological civilization construction. It is crucial to realize that throughout the entire process of ecological civilization construction, the natural resources property right system is the core of exploitation and utilization of natural resources, and it is also the basis of ecological civilization construction. Under the background of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the reform of management system of natural resources in China, the study on the property right system is necessary and has strategic significance. This study offers an insight into many aspects of ecological civilization construction, incuding promoting the natural resources property right system, facilitating the construction of ecological civilization, implementing the system of compensation for the use of natural resource, implementing sustainable development strategy, optimizing the role of market on resource allocation, and eliminating the“tragedy of the commons”. The main problems that the natural resources property right system is facing include unclear property ownership, sever loss of property rights, asset exchange deviation from market rule and imperfect management system. This will inhibit the processes of the construction of ecological civilization. To follow the decisions made at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to deepen reforms, this paper makes several important proposals to enlighten the natural resource management and the construction of ecological civilization in future. These proposals are:(1)revise law on property right of natural resource;(2)improve the system of compensation for the use of natural resource, and deepen the price reform of natural resource;( 3)promote the unified real estate registration, and develop the registration system of property ownership and use right of natural resource in the country;(4)enhance policies on environment and economy related to the property right management of natural resource, and make economic growth objectively reflect the economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits; and(5)establish strategic guidelines for action on ecological civilization, and start the implementation of the land resources management planning to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and evaluation.