Abstract:Having developed for three Dynasties, namely Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese civilization laid a rational basis of science attributed to the Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Under the autocratic monarchy system and a cultural background in which Confucianism and Taoism complemented in each other's advancement, traditional Chinese science and technology formed Discipline Paradigm of their own in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and later experienced three peaks that appeared successively in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, and the late Ming Dynasty, but began to fall in the process of transformation from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the modernization tendency along its own direction experienced setbacks due to the successive "Jingkang Incident","Jiashen Change", and "Burning of Opium Stocks in Humen". Eventually, Chinese science tradition was integrated into the world system of science by the transplantation of Western learning. In the process of extensive exchanges and fusion for human civilization, the dissemination of Chinese science and as one of the foundations of that Chinese civilization accepts foreign civilization, Chinese science becomes a part of the history of world's science and technology.