Abstract:With the challenges posed by the population growth, per unit area yield of grain staggering, increasingly higher environmental cost of intensive agriculture, it becomes necessary to integrate high productivity and high efficiency to realize continuous growth in per unit area yield of grain, and utilize the limited resources. High yield and high efficiency (termed"double high"DH) presents the only choice for developing modern agriculture in China as well as internationally. This paper introduces international cases in exploring the DH model in modern agriculture. In addition, it analyzes the potential of DH model in China, and the key issues that need to be solved. Finally, the paper illustrates the implication of, roadmap to, and the measures for developing DH modern agriculture in China.