Abstract:The Effect of organic fertilizer on soil has been one of the important research topics in sustainable utilization of soil. Proper application of manure can improve soil fertility and the quality of agro-products, as well as enhance the biodiversity of the soil ecosystem. However, due to the contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics, estrogens, pathogens, antibiotic resistance bacterial and resistance genes contained in organic fertilizer, it can potentially threaten the soil quality, food safety, and health quality. Moreover, similar to chemical fertilizer, improper application of organic fertilizer can result in the risk of secondary soil salinization, leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus, and emission of green-house gases. This paper reviews the effect of organic fertilizer on soil fertility, soil environment and health quality. It also provides an outlook for future research.