Abstract:The construction of ecological civilization is of great importance to human being's well-being and a nation's future. The Loess Plateau, the cradle of ancient Chinese civilization, is suffering from severe soil erosion and frail eco-environment caused by the climate change and human activities. Soil water is an essential resource to the vegetation construction and ecological restoration of the Plateau. The condition and future development of soil water is vital to the ecological civilization construction on the Plateau. This paper discusses the prominent resource and environment problems in the ecological civilization construction on the Plateau, focusing on the aspects of the trends in climatic change, the achievement of the"Green-for-Green"projects, and the consequent soil desiccation, etc. It analyzes the studies on soil desiccation, including its definition and characteristics, its impact on eco-environment, and the regulation measures. Based on the analyses, a proposal is made for the prospective studies of the Plateau soil desiccation, soil water resource management strategies and goals for ecological civilization. It aims to provide scientific basis for policies on the national and the Loess Plateau ecological construction.