Abstract:China is the largest rice-producing country in the world, with the area of rice field accounting for about 30% of world total. While crucial for food security, rice production is a large source of greenhouse gases, known as methane(CH₄)and nitrous oxide(N₂O). This paper reviews the processes of CH₄ and N₂O emission from rice paddies, their influencing factors, and the temporal and spatial variations of these greenhouse gases. It also summarizes the various estimates of CH₄ and N₂O emission from China's paddy fiels,, and proposes mitigation options.