Abstract:Lately, the greenhouse vegetable production(GVP)is being developed rapidly, the planting area was dramatically increased from 15,000 hectare in 1983 to 4,667,000 hectare in 2013. It has become an important food source for public consumers and incomes for farmers. It is estimated that the vegetable consumption will increase 50% and the demands will increase 75% in 2050. Obviously, the GVP will continue to grow in the future. However, high crop indexes, a large amount of agricultural inputs, and very close space easily result in the accumulation of pollutants and increase of their availability in soil, which bring up the ecological risks of environment. It is necessary to illuminate the problems of soil environmental quality, analyze the reasons of the problems, and put forward the management strategies. The researches and surveys on the changes of soil properties, the accumulation of pollutants, the assessment of pollutant environmental risks, and social-economic and management situations in GVP distributed in most of China were conducted in the past years. Generally, soil pH was increased and salts were accumulated because of intensive utilization over cultivation duration and close space in GVP system. The nutrients in soil were not balanced because of overload of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P). The pollutants such as pesticides, remaining nutrients, heavy metals, phthalic ester, and antibiotics are more accumulated in GVP soil than open field vegetable production, whereas soil and their environmental risk are greater in the former soil than in the latter soil. The changes of soil properties such as decreased soil pH, increased soil organic matter, and accumulated pollutants degrade soil ecological function, increase the levels of pollutants in crops, limit crop growth, and deteriorate surrounding water quality through accumulation of N, P, and soluble organic components, bringing up the ecological risks for environmental safety and human health. The reason analysis shows that there are four dominant reasons resulting in the above phenomena. Firstly, the heavy application of agricultural inputs such as pesticides, chemical and organic fertilizers, and plastic mulching film cause the changes of soil properties and the soil accumulation of pollutants, which result in increased availability of pollutants in soil and uptakes in crops. Secondly, the producers'outmoded production capacity and technologies determined that the producer excessively depends on the heavy application of agricultural inputs. Thirdly, present regulations and standards do not meet environmental management needs, for example, some pollutants are not included in the state soil safety standard system. Lastly, up to now, there is no specific sector to take charge of monitoring and managing GVP system under the circumstances of such a rapid development, which is not inadaptable of public's aspiration to safety foods. In the future, in order to assure sustainable development of GVP,(1)supervision to agricultural input uses and agricultural input reduction technology application would be emphasized;(2)improvement of production capacity could gradually be achieved via increased investment and transformation from present small-scale operation to large-scale operation;(3)the system of environmental quality assessing standards being suitable for GVP would be established, including supplement of the standards of specific pollutants, amendment of present standards, and establishment of the regulations on controlling agricultural inputs;(4)monitoring and management to soil environment of GVP would be reinforced through setting up the monitoring and supervising sector and its operating mechanism for GVP by government;(5)investment in research and development of GVP environmental protection would be increased, in order to study in depth the effects of high inputs and quick sprawling in GVP on soil ecological environment and groundwater resources, and to evaluate the utilized potential and environmental carrying capacity. Therefore, the decision-making supporting system on the environmental risk assessment and control is established.