Abstract:The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a new belt supporting Chinese economy based on the golden waterway of Yangtze River, covering 11 provinces and municipalities including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou with an area of 2.05×106 km². Since the reformation in 1979, this area has become one of the regions nationwide with the most comprehensive strength and strategically-support effect, featured with the regional tremendous developments on urban construction, industrial and agricultural modernization. First of all, the Yangtze River Economic Belt has accumulated so immense industry that now it is one of the most important industrial corridors concentrated by the essential sectors of iron and steel, automobile, electronic industry, and petrochemical industry represented by large quantity of high-tech industries of high energy consuming as well as high transportation demand and super large enterprises. Secondly, the agriculture in this area takes the most important position comparing with other areas in China, contributing 40% of the yields of grain, cotton, and edible oil of China. Thirdly, the transportation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significantly improved. With the location of the heart of China, the belt connects the eastern, middle, and western economic zones thank to its economic strength. The main railways such as Jing-Hu, Jing-Jiu, Jing-Guang, Wan-Gan, and Jiao-Liu going through the belt have bridged the belt with other areas of China from east to west, south to north, and inland to coastal areas. The last, the Yangtze River Economic Belt has experienced immense urban construction with more than 200 big and middle size cities consisting of 30% of cities nationwide. 50% of the region is urbanized, and its city density counts 2.16 folds of the average of China. Furthermore, the average income of residents of the belt is relatively higher than other regions in China and leads to considerable consumption demand which is appealing to the investors in China and worldwide. Along with the fast developed economy, as well as the regional heavy population, the demands to resources and energy in the belt have increasingly aroused soil problems, such as soil pollution, soil resource loss, and degradation, which has not only affected the human settlement surrounding, food security, and environmental and ecological security, but also has seriously hindered the society from fast, sustainable, and healthy development. According to the definition of the soil resource protection, the paper proposes soil conservation strategy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from four dimensions: systematic procedures, diverse targets, thoroughly-detailed processes, and comprehensive channels and patterns, namely the"partition, grading, classification, staging", as a guide. Through the government, the public and market protection, the regional soil resources need to be protected from the source to the end by adopting laws and regulations, policies, management, monitoring, engineering, and technical protection measures.