Abstract:On July 11, 2013, Subcommittee on Energy, Committee on Science, Space and Technology, United States House of Representativesinvited two of the U.S.think tanks, the Information Technology & Innovation Foundation and the Heritage Foundation, to present a report entitled Oversight and Management of Department of Energy National Laboratories and Science Activities.This presentation pointed out the problems of inappropriate organizational structure, bureaucratic management, etc., and triggered the new call for the reform of national laboratories in U.S..As a matter of fact, orientation and management of national laboratories in U.S.have been altered in different stages, according to the changing national needs.In this article, the content of the above report was analyzed, and the reasons and principles of this reform were promoted.Finally, based on Chinese situation, inspirationto China's development of national laboratories was discussed.