Abstract:Invasive alien species have great impacts on agriculture, forestry, ecology, and human health. Introduced pest insects such as the Colorado potato beetle (Leptintarsa decemlineata Say), cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley), codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), etc. have posed serious threats to Chinese agricultural development. Three quarters of invasive species in China were first discovered in the coastal economically developed areas. Biological invasions which caused by human activities increased faster than ever before. Once these introduced species settle down, they are almost impossible to be eradicated. With the global temperature rising, it also accelerates the degree of invasion and damage of alien species. Key problems of science and technology for preventing and controlling introduced alien pests in China are as follows: accurate and rapid identification, specific molecular markers, and techniques of monitoring, prevention, and control for important invasive pests.