Abstract:In the past decades, the emerging and reemerging viral infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV, Ebola virus, and influenza virus H7N9 that cause serious diseases have been a great threat to human health. No vaccines and drugs are available for those deadly viruses that are highly contagious and fast spreading among different species. With technology of reverse genetics, these viruses could be modified to be fatal biological weapons since most animals and human are susceptible to those viruses, which could be a potential threat to our biological security. With an introduction of the epidemiology of emerging and reemerging viral infectious pathogens in our country as well as all over the world, this study focused on the following aspects:(1)the relationship between emerging infectious pathogens and biological security;(2)the cutting-edge technology for the prevention and control of emerging infectious pathogens;(3)the problems to be solved in the prevention and control of emerging infectious pathogens in our country though numerous advances have been made in recent years; and(4)the perspective of biodefense in our country after the highest level of national biosafety lab was established in Wuhan.