Abstract:Under the influence of intensive human activities and global change, the resources and environment of the Silk Road Economic Belt are facing the severe issues and challenges. As a core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, Central Asia and its surrounding area is well known for its ecological environment degradation in arid and semi-arid regions all over the world. The ecological environment degradation seriously restricted the economic and social development in Central Asia and its neighboring countries. In this study, aimed at the typical factors of ecological environment in Xinjiang of China, Central Asia and its surrounding area, such as climate, vegetation, and water, the spatial and temporal variation of these typical factors and its responses to global change were studied and analyzed based on the long time series of satellite remote sensing data. The results indicated that, in Central Asia and its surrounding area, ecological environment changes presented a trend of deterioration in recent decades, specifically by water storage reduction, lake area shrink, soil moisture decreasing, vegetation degradation, etc.