Abstract:With the increasing urban population and the changing urban environment, the health and wellbeing of urban population has been paid more and more attention. In urban systems, a variety of complex and dynamic variables and feedbacks between them can influence population health and wellbeing under rapidly changing urban environment. A systems approach defines the city as a complex adaptive system and recognizes the multiple values generated by the urban system for the health and wellbeing of its inhabitants. It is not enough to rely on science community for addressing the dilemma of urban health. Participatory research is important for all the stakeholders including scientists and policymakers. This paper introduces the 10-year ICSU programme on Health and Wellbeing in the context of China health problems and beyond. We emphasize the system analysis approach in urban health wellbeing research and aim to apply to the China newtype urbanization.