Abstract:The cyberinfrastructure for scientific research is a suit of hardware and software systems which can provide general information services and sharing services for scientific research activities. It mainly includes three parts, (1) hardware services, such as high speed scientific research network, high performance computing resources, and mass storage resources for scientific data; (2) software services, for example, calculation and simulation software, data analysis software, and scientific data services; (3) collaboration and resource management platforms, for instance, social network environment, collaboration working environment, operation and maintenance of the hardware platform, and resource unified platform. This article briefly introduces the important status of cyberinfrastructure in national strategic infrastructure around the world, and reviews the latest progress and state-of-the-art of National Cyberinfrastructure for Scientific Research (NCSR). In China, scientific researchers have constructed several cyberinfrastructures for scientific research over the past twenty years. This article concludes the practice and experiences of establishing cyberinfrastructure for scientific research in Chinese Academy of Sciences, and discusses the major problems faced in the development of NCSR: (1) NCSR has not been considered as the public welfare at the national level and reflected its strategic importance; (2) Compared with other fields in our country, NCSR lacks of overall planning; (3) NCSR's distribution and ability do not match with the national key science and technology infrastructures; (4) The investment mechanism of infrastructure construction, the mechanism of operation and maintenance, and the evaluation system of service and career development have not been formed. This article also suggests