Abstract:This article discusses the important roles of high-end science and technology think tank played in promoting the modernization progress of national governance system and governance capacity. It is pointed out that pioneerly building up the national high-end science and technology think tank and serving well for country's macro decision-making is the great historical mission conferred to Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and CAS has the responsibility and is capable of pioneerly building up the national high-end think tank according to the principles of serving decision-making, moderate advance, and highlighted features. General considerations are put forward for the construction of national high-end science and technology think tank. These considerations include: establish sense of conformity with the CPC central leadership, serve for CPC central committee's decision-making, laying down a top-level design, clarify the construction route, insist high-end quality, focus on scientific issues, insist talent-oriented, innovate institutional mechanism, use scientific method, and communicate Chinese voice.