Abstract:Increasing energy density of battery will dramatically extend the driving range of electric vehicles. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched the "Strategic Priority Research Program of Industrial Nano-manufacturing Focus" at the November 15, 2013. In this program, the 3rd generation lithium-ion battery, solid-state metallic lithium battery, lithium-sulphur battery, and lithium-air battery have been investigated. This paper briefly introduces implementation process of this program. As the progress of this program, the CAS research group has carried out a number of achievements, including but not limit to:The mass and volume energy density of 24 Ah Li-ion single cell, with nano-silicon carbon material as negative electrode and lithium-rich material as positive electrode, is achieved as 374 Wh/kg and 577 Wh/L, respectively. The energy density of 8 Ah solid lithium battery using the polymer solid electrolyte at 60℃ is 240 Wh/kg, while the energy density of solid-state lithium battery based on the inorganic ceramic solid electrolyte is also 240 Wh/kg. The energy density of 37 Ah lithiumsulphur battery reaches 566 Wh/kg at room temperature and 616 Wh/kg at 50℃. The energy density of 5 Ah lithium-air battery is 526 Wh/kg. We also introduce a competitive project management method which has been successfully operated from 2014. In addition, this paper outlines the domestic and international status of lithium batteries, analyzes the national strategic demands of the lithium batteries research field in China.