Abstract:To meet the need of increasingly economic development and large populations with limited land resource, large scale of coastal reclamation was conducted as one of the most important resolution schemes. Driving by economic growth, coastal reclamation in China has proliferated and expanded nationwide. Various types of coastal reclamations are keeping rapid expansion rate in recent years. Nevertheless, behind the huge economic benefits, coastal reclamation exploitation has brought great loss of coastal natural resources and damaged coastal wetland ecosystem. As the transitional zone between ocean and terrestrial system, coastal wetlands play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity and maintaining dynamic balance of the land and sea. Here, we focused on the distributions of coastal wetlands and structures of coastal biodiversity based on a well exploring of pattern of large-scale coastal reclamation. In addition, we analyzed the multiple impacts of coastal reclamation to biological structures, processes, and function. We advocated “network” “long series” “large scale”, and “function-oriented” ecological restoration strategies supporting by deep exploration ecological restoration mechanism and designed to build a robust restoration practice guideline. To promote national great strategic demand in eco-compensation, we made an advance in building an ecocompensation framework including two categories with three levels. The trade-off between the economic benefits and ecological loss was made during the research, and the outcomes show feasibility for sustainable exploitation of coastal resource and achieved the goal of biological conservation and development of coastal reclamation in harmony.