Abstract:The Loess Plateau is the most serious area for soil and water loss (SWL) in the world, and is the key area for soil and water conservation and ecological construction in China. A series of projects, including the Small Watershed Management Project, Soil and Water Conservation Key Project, Grain for Green Project, Check Dam Construction Project, and the Slope Farmland Regulation Project, have been carried out in this area since 1980s. Soil and water erosion was controlled and the ecosystem was restored gradually due to those projects. In order to evaluate the ecological effect for those projects, the dynamics changes of land use and vegetation cover, soil erosion, runoff, sediment transport amounts, and social economic structure were analyzed in different scales from plots-small watershed-region based on model building and long-term position monitoring for ecological processes of field stations. The results showed the ecological environment improved significantly, the area and intensity of SWL veduced greatly, and while the social and economic developed rapidly. while serious loss of soil and water still occurred at some plots or areas, and thus ecological restoration and management are needed urgently. The direction and strategy were suggested including ecological building, discipline construction, policy management, and industrial structure adjustment for the incoming ecological projects.