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DOI:10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2017.04.013
中国科学院院刊:2017,32(4):418-425
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大规模围填海对滨海湿地的影响与对策
崔保山, 谢湉, 王青, 李姗泽, 闫家国, 于淑玲, 刘康, 郑京晶, 刘泽正
(北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875)
Impact of Large-scale Reclamation on Coastal Wetlands and Implications for Ecological Restoration, Compensation, and Sustainable Exploitation Framework
Cui Baoshan, Xie Tian, Wang Qing, Li Shanze, Yan Jiaguo, Yu Shuling, Liu Kang, Zheng Jingjing, Liu Zezheng
(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
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投稿时间:2017-01-23    
中文摘要: 随着沿海地区经济的快速发展和人口增长压力的不断增大,围填海活动成为缓解滨海用地紧缺、促进滨海区域发展的重要方式。围填海活动在带来经济效益的同时,也对近岸资源和滨海湿地生态系统造成巨大的影响。滨海湿地是海陆之间交叉作用的过渡地带,对维持生物多样性和海陆动态平衡具有重要作用,为此,在分析我国大规模围填海特征的基础上,从滨海湿地格局、滨海湿地生物多样性的维持及生物分布结构等方面,分析和探讨围填海活动对滨海湿地生态系统结构、功能和过程的综合影响。提出“以网代点”“以缓代急”“以重代轻”和“以多代少”的修复对策,深化滨海湿地修复机理,强化生态修复实践;提出“两个大类,三个层次”的生态补偿模式,推进滨海湿地生态补偿的国家重要需求;权衡经济收益与生态损失,合理布局围填海空间,有力推进滨海湿地资源的可持续利用和生物多样性保护,实现不同利益群体的和谐发展。
中文关键词: 滨海湿地  围填海  影响  生态修复  生态补偿  权衡
Abstract:To meet the need of increasingly economic development and large populations with limited land resource, large scale of coastal reclamation was conducted as one of the most important resolution schemes. Driving by economic growth, coastal reclamation in China has proliferated and expanded nationwide. Various types of coastal reclamations are keeping rapid expansion rate in recent years. Nevertheless, behind the huge economic benefits, coastal reclamation exploitation has brought great loss of coastal natural resources and damaged coastal wetland ecosystem. As the transitional zone between ocean and terrestrial system, coastal wetlands play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity and maintaining dynamic balance of the land and sea. Here, we focused on the distributions of coastal wetlands and structures of coastal biodiversity based on a well exploring of pattern of large-scale coastal reclamation. In addition, we analyzed the multiple impacts of coastal reclamation to biological structures, processes, and function. We advocated "network", "long series", "large scale", and "functionoriented" ecological restoration strategies supporting by deep exploration ecological restoration mechanism and designed to build a robust restoration practice guideline. To promote national great strategic demand in eco-compensation, we made an advance in building an eco-compensation framework including two categories with three levels. The trade-off between the economic benefits and ecological loss was made during the research, and the outcomes show feasibility for sustainable exploitation of coastal resource and achieved the goal of biological conservation and development of coastal reclamation in harmony.
keywords: coastal wetlands  coastal reclamation  impact  ecological restoration  eco-compensation  trade-off
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基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)项目(2013CB430406),国家自然科学基金重点项目(51639001),国家创新研究群体项目(51121003)
作者单位
崔保山 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
谢湉 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
王青 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
李姗泽 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
闫家国 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
于淑玲 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
刘康 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
郑京晶 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
刘泽正 北京师范大学环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100875 
Author NameAffiliation
Cui Baoshan State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Xie Tian State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Wang Qing State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Li Shanze State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Yan Jiaguo State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Yu Shuling State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Liu Kang State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Zheng Jingjing State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Liu Zezheng State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
引用文本:
崔保山,谢湉,王青,李姗泽,闫家国,于淑玲,刘康,郑京晶,刘泽正.大规模围填海对滨海湿地的影响与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(4):418-425.
Cui Baoshan,Xie Tian,Wang Qing,Li Shanze,Yan Jiaguo,Yu Shuling,Liu Kang,Zheng Jingjing,Liu Zezheng.Impact of Large-scale Reclamation on Coastal Wetlands and Implications for Ecological Restoration, Compensation, and Sustainable Exploitation Framework[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(4):418-425.
 
 
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