Abstract:Crop diseases cause serious yield loss and are threatening our food security. Although chemical pesticides contribute effectively to plant disease control, huge fertilizing amount led to substantial environmental pollution. During long-term interactions, plants and pathogenic microbes have developed diverse strategies to recognize and respond to each other. Understanding the interaction mechanisms will greatly improve molecular resistance breeding in crops, and thus contribute significantly to the decrement of chemical pesticides. Notably, great achievements have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant immunity and microbial pathogenicity during the last decade, leading to the proposing of a few co-evolution models. These achievements enable novel strategies to tailor crops to be disease resistant by using bio-techniques. In this review, we highlight recent advancement of plant immunity, and suggest the directions for future research.