Abstract:The well-known Chinese national programs in the 1960's are the nuclear boom, guided missile and artificial satellite. They have laid down a foundation for China as a political world power since then. In recent years, discussions have been conducted among the scientists and engineers. Can we propose a bench of new science programs that could have the same impact as the three key programs mentioned above? This paper starts from an analysis of the national demands in the 1950's and 1960's, and compare it with the current national demands of China. The differences are clearly identified. In the new era, to ensure sustainable developments with innovation and reform becomes the most critical task for China. In the area of science and technology, the most important national demand is then to significant increase the important breakthroughs in fundamental science made by Chinese from China. In meeting this demand, to implement a series of space science satellite focusing on the frontiers of fundamental science could be the new key national program with impact as important as the three programs mentioned above in the 1960's. This paper then discusses the main characteristics for implementing the space science satellite program. Suggestions and proposals for government authorities are also given at the end of the paper.