Abstract:The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a crucial role in human existence environment and sustainable development, and acts as environmental and ecological barrier for China, Asia, and even for the Northern Hemisphere. TP is the core region of the Third Pole. TP and its surroundings including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, Central Asia, Western Asia, and Middle-central Europe can be called as Pan-Third Pole, which covers an area larger than 20 million km² and contains more than 20 countries and 3 billion people. Pan-Third Pole is the most densely populated area on the earth and highly coincidence with the core area of the Belt and Road countries. Importance of environmental changes over the Pan-Third Pole attracted global attention for executing the Belt and Road Initiative strategy. Severe problems emerging for the resources and environment fields over the Pan-Third Pole regions, how to protect the sustainability of resources and environment become great challenges for the Belt and Road Initiative. The "Pan-Third Pole Environment Change Study for Green Silk Road Development" project concerns scientific issues on resources and environment issues over the Pan-Third Pole region from regional to global scale, provides prospective and scientific solutions for regional sustainable development coordinated response strategy, and finally protects on the "Last Pure Land" and serves the Belt and Road Initiative.