Abstract:The southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is located in a transitional zone between the plateau and the South Asia Sub-continent. It is also an intersectional region of the westerlies and the South Asia Summer Monsoon (SASM). This region is quite sensitive to the changes of global climate system and regional environment. Combined with satellite remote sensing and field observations, the inter-annual variability of natural and human geography conditions of the margin have been investigated. The results show that this region is covered mainly by forest (48.62%). The vegetation is mainly distributed in southern edge of the Himalayas and the eastern part of the region, with vegetation cover higher in eastern than in mid-western region. The precipitation is higher in the east than in the west and most of them occur in June to September. The population is quite scarce except for the southern edge. In recent 30 years, local environments present remarkable changes. In the natural environment, regional temperature rose especially at the higher altitude and during the nighttime, while precipitation rose in some western parts and decreased significantly in middle and eastern parts of the region. Due to the changes of temperature and precipitation, maximal leaf area index increases in the middle west while it is decreased in eastern part. In the cultural environment, the residential areas and population density increased in recent years, especially in middle-southern part in India and Nepal. The coverage of night light area has extended 2.5 times from 1992 to 2013, while more than 85% extended light area is located in India.