Abstract:This paper analyzed 35 nanoscience and technology reports or plans published by the main countries of the world in recent years. Firstly, from the perspective of investment, researchers, focus of research, platforms, education, etc., the general characteristics of these plans of main countries were given. Secondly, in view of the different status of each country, the similarities and differences of the plans in goals and the ways of achieving them were analyzed, with US, Japan, Korea, Germany, EU, Australia, and China were the mainly studied objects. At last, by deep mining and analyzing, the paper compared the features and emphases of the concrete research directions mentioned in the reports and plans, which are divided into seven research areas such as biology, energy, environment areas, etc. It is found:more countries are interested in nanobiology, which is mentioned in reports and plans many times; yet the related deployment on standard and safety of nanotechnology is relatively scarce.