Abstract:The mammalian olfactory and gustatory system is recognized as the most effective chemosensing systems due to their extraordinary ability in odor and tastant detection. Detection of odors has been applied to many real applications, such as quality control of food products, safety and security, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and so on. Here, we focus on the principle, basic composition, employed technology and application of electronic nose/electronic tongue, molecule and cell based olfactory/gustatory biosensors. We also introduce the research progress of a novel system which we called ‘in vivo bioelectronic nose and tongue’. Finally, the further trend in this area is forecasted.