Abstract:A report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China raised the goals of constructing a world science and technology power and revitalizing the Chinese nation by the middle of this century through improving the national innovation system and boosting our strategic scientific and technological strength. This study analyzes the role of first-class research institutions in the construction of global science and technology powers, and points out that internationalization is a significant support for such institutions as they fulfill their national mission, and a highly internationalized state-of-the-art talent team is essential. The article reviews the achievements of CAS during the five years since it launched the strategy of internationalization. It also analyzes the current challenges that CAS faces, and raises a number of comprehensive thoughts as well as specific measures to promote CAS as internationally internationalized leading research institutes.