Abstract:The report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China initiated a new journey for China to build a world science and technology power. This paper sorts out the shortcomings and development potentials facing China's science and technology power construction. It points out that the development of China's scientific and technological innovation needs to focus on raising R&D expenditure in the entire society, especially the intensity of business enterprise R&D expenditure, improving the national's higher education level, and strengthening the level of international patent applications. In the medium and long term, it is necessary to face the strategic needs for the science and technology power building, strengthen the input of scientific and technological manpower and the quality and efficiency of scientific research output, and increase the overall labor productivity and energy efficiency of the entire society, in order to realize a new development path from science and technology power to national comprehensive strength.