Abstract:As a source of modern science and technology revolution and industrial revolution, attributed to a decent scientific tradition, Britain has created remarkable basic scientific achievements, and has laid the foundation for Britain to become a powerful country in science and technology. Britain has a wealth of experience and lessons in building a powerful country in the world. This article reviews the history of the development of science and technology innovation in all major historical stages in Britain since the 17th century, and systematically analyzes the evolutionary characteristics of the UK's science and technology innovation strategy since the two world wars. Finally, this article summarizes the experience and inspiration of British science and technology innovation from the following aspects, i.e., to maintain the basic scientific advantages, to accumulate deep scientific spirit and innovation culture, to build a national innovation system of new era, and to promote the integration of science and technology with economy.