Abstract:Xi Jinping's report at 19th CPC National Congress pointed out that innovation is the primary driving force for development and is the strategic underpinning for building a modernized economy, and we will improve our national innovation system and boost our strategic scientific and technological strength. To boost the strategic scientific and technological strength is a strategic choice for construction of world science and technology power. The construction of national laboratories with high standards is the important starting point for boosting the strategic scientific and technological strength. Actively adapting to national development strategies, matching national needs, and optimizing innovation layout is the reality requirements for national research institutes to taking the missions of strategic scientific and technological strength in the new era. This article focuses on four issues, namely:what is the national strategic scientific and technological strength, the measures and practical experiences for the developed countries to boost national strategic scientific and technological strength, several relations need to deal with for national laboratories as a starting point to boost the strategic scientific and technological strength, and strategic choices for national research institutions to taking the mission of national strategic scientific and technological strength.