Abstract:Biosynthesis of chemicals through synthetic biology can partially relieve the dependence on petroleum resources. With the development of synthetic biology technology, the capabilities of constructing microbial cell factories for production of chemicals have been greatly improved. Development of new engineered strains and new bioprocess can replace the traditional manufacturing process, decrease the energy cost and pollution, and improve the producing capabilities of traditional fermentation industry. In this review, key factors and representative cases for constructing microbial cell factories and multi-enzyme molecular machines to produce chemicals were summarized. The future of industrial applications of synthetic biology were also discussed.