Abstract:The development and application of science and technology have always been guided by the needs of the country and the demands of the people. Science and technology poverty alleviation is a key part of poverty alleviation. According to the characteristics of poor mountainous areas in China, the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has summed up the "poverty alleviation mode of ecological fishery" in poverty alleviation practice, which scientifically use water resources for ecological fish breeding. Reasonable construction of ecological fish communities can ensure water quality and generate income by aquaculture. It will promote the development of aquaculture industry in poor areas and help to complete the task of poverty eradication. This paper summarizes and reflects on the practice of poverty alleviation in the city Enshi of Hubei Province and Liupanshui of Guizhou Province.