Abstract:High performance computing (HPC) technology, as a national strategic demand, has gradually aroused great attention in the world. Based upon understanding on the development trend of computing science and the advent of a new round of IT technology revolution, the well-known National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI) was launched by the U.S. in 2015. The NSCI addresses the U.S. strategic objectives, missions, directions, and development approaches regarding to the development of HPC technology and industry in the future. Meanwhile, an organizational structure is constructed, and the division of responsibilities of all parties is clarified. The NSCI indeed is a whole national strategic plan. China has strongly supported the development of HPC technology and industry through a number of major strategic plans and policies, including the National Medium and Long-term Plan for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020), the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Five-Year Plan of national science and technology development and innovation programs, the National High-tech R&D Program ("863" Program), the National Key Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Innovation Driven Development Strategy Program, the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda. Therefore, remarkable achievements have been made internationally. However, in comparison to the perceptive, scientific, and systematic U.S. NSCI Strategic Plan, in-depth, systematic, and realistic work is still needed to be done in terms of decision-making orientation, policy-package setting, and policy-reality docking in China. Otherwise, it is difficult to get out of the vicious circle of catching up, falling behind, and chasing again.